01 Ayini amabhethri e-lithium-air kanye namabhethri e-lithium-sulphur?
① Ibhethri ye-Li-air
Ibhethri ye-lithium-air isebenzisa umoya-mpilo njenge-electrode esabelayo ephozithivu kanye nensimbi ye-lithium njenge-electrode eyinegethivu.Inomthamo omkhulu wamandla we-theoretical (3500wh/kg), futhi ukuminyana kwayo kwangempela kwamandla kungafinyelela ku-500-1000wh/kg, okuphakeme kakhulu kunohlelo oluvamile lwebhethri ye-lithium-ion.Amabhethri e-lithium-air akhiwe ngama-electrode amahle, ama-electrolyte nama-electrode angemuhle.Ezinhlelweni zebhethri ezingenawo amanzi, umoya-mpilo ohlanzekile okwamanje usetshenziswa njengegesi yokusabela, ngakho-ke amabhethri e-lithium-air angaphinde abizwe ngokuthi amabhethri e-lithium-oxygen.
Ngo-1996, u-Abraham et al.ihlanganise ngempumelelo ibhethri lokuqala lomoya le-lithium elingenamanzi elabhorethri.Khona-ke abacwaningi baqala ukunaka ukusabela kwangaphakathi kwe-electrochemical kanye nomshini wamabhethri e-lithium-air angenawo amanzi;ngo-2002, Funda et al.ithole ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical kwamabhethri e-lithium-air kuncike ku-solvent ye-electrolyte nezinto ze-cathode zomoya;ngo-2006, u-Ogasawara et al.kusetshenziswe i-Mass spectrometer, kwafakazelwa ngokokuqala ngqa ukuthi i-Li2O2 ifakwe i-oxidized futhi umoya-mpilo wakhululwa ngesikhathi sokushaja, okuqinisekisa ukuguqulwa kwe-electrochemical ye-Li2O2.Ngakho-ke, amabhethri e-lithium-air athole ukunakwa okuningi nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo.
② Ibhethri ye-lithium-sulphur
Ibhethri ye-lithium-sulphur iwuhlelo lwebhethri lesibili olusekelwe ekuphenduleni okubuyiselekayo komthamo othize wesulfure (1675mAh/g) nensimbi ye-lithium (3860mAh/g), ene-voltage yokukhipha eyisilinganiso engaba ngu-2.15V.Ukuminyana kwayo kwamandla okucatshangelwayo kungafinyelela ku-2600wh/kg.Izinto zayo zokusetshenziswa zinezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi kanye nobungane bemvelo, ngakho-ke inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa.Ukusungulwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-sulphur kungalandelelwa emuva ngeminyaka yawo-1960, lapho u-Herbert no-Ulam befaka isicelo segunya lobunikazi bebhethri.I-prototype yaleli bhethri le-lithium-sulphur isebenzise i-lithium noma i-lithium alloy njengento engalungile ye-electrode, isulfure njengento enhle ye-electrode futhi yakhiwe ama-amine agcwele aliphatic.i-electrolyte.Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur athuthukiswa ngokwethula izincibilikisi eziphilayo ezifana ne-PC, i-DMSO, ne-DMF, kanye namabhethri angu-2.35-2.5V atholakala.Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, ama-ether afakazelwa ukuthi awusizo kumabhethri e-lithium-sulphur.Ezifundweni ezalandela, ukutholakala kwama-electrolyte asekelwe ku-ether, ukusetshenziswa kwe-LiNO3 njengesengezo se-electrolyte, kanye nesiphakamiso se-carbon/sulphur composite positive electrode kuye kwavula i-boom yocwaningo lwamabhethri e-lithium-sulphur.
02 Umgomo wokusebenza webhethri le-lithium-air kanye nebhethri le-lithium-sulphur
① Ibhethri ye-Li-air
Ngokwezimo ezihlukene ze-electrolyte esetshenzisiwe, amabhethri e-lithium-air angahlukaniswa abe amasistimu anamanzi, amasistimu e-organic, amasistimu e-water-organic hybrid system, kanye namabhethri e-lithium-air a-solid-state.Phakathi kwazo, ngenxa yomthamo othize ophansi wamabhethri e-lithium-air asebenzisa ama-electrolyte asekelwe emanzini, ubunzima ekuvikeleni insimbi ye-lithium, nokungaguquguquki kahle kwesistimu, amabhethri e-lithium-air angenawo amanzi kanye ne-lithium-air yesimo esiqinile. amabhethri asetshenziswa kabanzi okwamanje.Ucwaningo.Amabhethri e-lithium-air angenawo amanzi aqale ahlongozwa ngu-Abraham no-Z.Jiang ngo-1996. Izibalo zokusabela ngokukhishwa ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Ukusabela kokushaja kuphambene.I-electrolyte ikakhulukazi isebenzisa i-organic electrolyte noma i-electrolyte eqinile, futhi umkhiqizo owukhiphayo ngokuyinhloko i-Li2O2, umkhiqizo awuncibiliki ku-electrolyte, futhi kulula ukunqwabelana ku-electrode epholisayo emoyeni, okuthinta amandla okukhishwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-air.
Amabhethri e-lithium-air anezinzuzo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kakhulu, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nenani eliphansi, kepha ucwaningo lwawo lusaqala, futhi kusenezinkinga eziningi okufanele zixazululwe, njenge-catalysis yokusabela kokunciphisa umoya-mpilo, Ukungena kwe-oksijini kanye ne-hydrophobicity yama-electrode omoya, nokuvalwa kwama-electrode omoya njll.
② Ibhethri ye-lithium-sulphur
Amabhethri e-lithium-sulphur ikakhulukazi asebenzisa izakhi zesulfure eziyisisekelo noma ezisekelwe ku-sulphur njengento ephozithivu ye-electrode yebhethri, futhi i-lithium yensimbi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-electrode engeyinhle.Phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha, i-lithium yensimbi etholakala ku-electrode engalungile i-oxidized ukuze ilahlekelwe i-electron futhi ikhiqize i-lithium ions;Khona-ke ama-electron adluliselwa ku-electrode enhle ngokusebenzisa isifunda sangaphandle, futhi ama-ion e-lithium akhiqizwa nawo adluliselwa ku-electrode enhle nge-electrolyte ukuze asabele ngesulfure ukuze enze i-polysulfide.I-Lithium (LiPSs), bese isabela ngokuqhubekayo ukukhiqiza i-lithium sulfide ukuqedela inqubo yokukhipha.Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja, ama-ion e-lithium ku-LiPS abuyela ku-electrode engemihle nge-electrolyte, kuyilapho ama-electron ebuyela ku-electrode engemihle ngokusebenzisa isekethe yangaphandle ukuze akhe insimbi ye-lithium ngama-ion e-lithium, futhi ama-LiPS ancishiswa abe yisulfure ku-electrode eqondile ukuze kuqedelwe inqubo yokushaja.
Inqubo yokukhishwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-sulfur ngokuyinhloko yizinyathelo eziningi, ama-electron amaningi, i-multi-phase complex complex reaction electrochemical reaction on the sulfur cathode, kanye nama-LiPS anobude obuhlukene beketanga aguqulwa abe komunye nomunye ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja.Phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha, ukusabela okungenzeka ku-electrode enhle kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 2, futhi ukusabela ku-electrode engalungile kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 3.
Izinzuzo zamabhethri e-lithium-sulfur zisobala kakhulu, njengomthamo ophezulu kakhulu wethiyori;awukho umoya-mpilo ezintweni ezibonakalayo, futhi ukusabela kokuvela kwe-oxygen ngeke kwenzeke, ngakho ukusebenza kokuphepha kuhle;izinsiza zesibabule ziningi futhi isibabule esiyisisekelo ishibhile;ayihambisani nemvelo futhi inobuthi obuphansi.Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur nawo anezinkinga ezithile eziyinselele, njenge-lithium polysulfide shuttle effect;ukufakwa kwesulfure eyisisekelo kanye nemikhiqizo yayo yokukhipha;inkinga yokushintsha kwevolumu enkulu;I-SEI engazinzile kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha ezibangelwa i-lithium anode;isenzakalo sokuzikhulula, njll.
Njengesizukulwane esisha sesistimu yebhethri yesibili, amabhethri e-lithium-air kanye namabhethri e-lithium-sulfur anamanani aphezulu kakhulu ethiyori ethile, futhi adonse ukunakwa okubanzi kubacwaningi kanye nemakethe yebhethri yesibili.Njengamanje, lawa mabhethri amabili asabhekene nezinkinga eziningi zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe.Basesigabeni sokuqala socwaningo sokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri.Ngaphezu komthamo othize kanye nokuzinza kwe-cathode yebhethri okudinga ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe, izindaba ezibalulekile njengokuphepha kwebhethri nazo zidinga ukuxazululwa ngokushesha.Ngokuzayo, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezintsha zamabhethri zisadinga ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo ukuze kuqedwe amaphutha azo ukuze kuvuleke amathuba abanzi ohlelo lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2023